Immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) posing the greatest therapeutic challenge due to limited treatment options and high recurrence rates. Immunotherapy, partic­ularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has redefined management in TNBC, with pembrolizumab now a standard of care in both early-stage and metastatic settings. Emerg­ing strategies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cellular therapies, and combination immunotherapies are under investigation, and yet to demonstrate clinical benefit. Key unmet needs include biomarker development for better pa­tient selection and prediction of risk for immune related ad­verse events, as well as rapid diagnosis, and management of immune-related toxicities. Despite these challenges, immunotherapy offers transformative potential to improve outcomes in breast cancer. Magy Onkol 69:427-433, 2025